Which of the following methods can be used to integrate and deconflict aircraft and surface fires?

The method of lateral separation is effective for integrating and deconflicting aircraft and surface fires because it involves geographic separation of the aircraft’s flight paths and the surface fire engagement zones. This strategy helps to ensure that both air and ground assets can operate within their designated areas without interference, minimizing the risk of friendly fire and maximizing the effectiveness of both types of support.

Lateral separation allows for clear delineation of airspace and ground firing areas, enabling commanders to coordinate their operations effectively while considering factors such as safety distances and the expected impact areas of both aerial and ground munitions. This method is particularly important in complex battlefield environments where numerous assets may operate in close proximity.

The other methods, while they may also play roles in coordination, do not focus specifically on the spatial aspect critical to deconflicting operations as effectively as lateral separation does.